I am assuming that you mean in the "Recent Topics" area. The topic is in Green Text with a speech balloon to the left of it. The forum or category can be determined by use of the dropdown at the top of of the white area - just below the blue bar - where is has "Recent Topics / All Forums" and select the forum filter to use IE: 'Free For All' or 'Golf'.
"How can I tell if a post is new?"
When in 'Recent Topics' refreshing your cache, new posts will be indicated with the word 'New' in a field of yellow.
Also to the right of "Recent Topics / All Forums" you will see "All" change that to "Posts since last visit"
I will add to this post as I get answers to other questions.
Find the user icon whom you wish to PM. Hover over the icon. You will see a pop up that has the link "Profile" - click that link. Find the "Send Private Message" link and use that.
Ok First off - to start a new thread, click on the "New Topic" button with the GREEN + in the light blue bar above. ^^
You can enter a title then you can type your message in the big box. All of those funny symbols above the big box help you change your text, add images and links and other things. Play with them - you cant break it.